The pupil reflex is an involuntary response originating at the brainstem and under the control of the autonomic nervous system. Drawings in biology the command term draw is defned by ib as. Stimulation occurs through the peripheral nervous system and the response to this peripheral nerve stimulation is involuntary. Edexcel igcse biology revision cards on apple books. The pupil reflex is a cranial reflex originating at the brainstem and under the control of. Reasons to use pupils reflex to indicate brain death 1. In a revision schedule, i encourage my pupils to read the full course syllabus to begin with, and write notes to condense the information. Michelle golden is an english teacher in athens, georgia. The most comprehensive coverage of the 2014 syllabus for both sl and hl, this completely new online course book gives you unrivalled support for the new conceptbased approach to learning, the nature of science. A light is shone in an eye to see if the pupil constricts. Although specific functions can be attributed to certain areas, brain imagery shows that some activities are spread in many areas and that the brain can even reorganize itself following a disturbance such as a stroke. Cambridge o level biology syllabus code 5090 all candidates enter for three papers papers 1 and 2 and either paper 3 or 6.
For many students, this may be their only collegelevel psychology course. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Discuss the concept of brain death and the use of the pupil reflex in testing for brain death. They are coordinated by the autonomic nervous system. Bleck, in textbook of clinical neurology third edition, 2007.
Efferent pathway motor neuron conducts impulses from cns to effector. Year lesson plan grade 910 igcse biology term and topic. The ib book is helpful and also the video link on the sliding filament model. This book is distributed under the terms of the creative commons. The reflex arc is made up of an afferent pathway from a receptor and an efferent pathway to an effector. Be able to draw and label an eye with the following structures. If a bright light is shone in one eye, the pupils of both eyes constrict. The whole mechanism of reflex action occurs in such a fashion that there is no conscious control of the brain. Kcse biology questions and answers kcse biology revision. The scientific process differs from other ways of learning in that science follows the scientific method, which is characterized by observation, development of a hypothesis, experimentation and data collection, and forming a conclusion. The international baccalaureate organization known as the ib offers four high quality. A3 use of the pupil reflex to evaluate brain damage.
Sight or vision is the capability of the eyes to focus and detect images of visible light on photoreceptors in the retina of each eye that generates electrical nerve impulses for varying colors, hues, and brightness. The pupil is a black hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to strike the retina. U1 the anterior part of the neural tube expands to form the brain. Evaluate the use of the pupil reflex to test for brain damage. While the heart is the center of the circulatory system, its not alone. Provide the most uptodate, authoritative guidance on dp assessment via new ib prepared resources. Ib biologyoption e neurobiology and behavior wikibooks, open. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This book is written by an exuniversity lecturer and experienced biology teacher currently delivering the ib syllabus in the uk. This is the perfect place to start a unit on the circulatory system. A1 visual cortex, brocas area, nucleus accumbens as areas of the brain with specific functions. The book does contain a comprehensive list of biological topics for an introductory biology class.
Psychologyis designed to meet the scope and sequence for the singlesemester introduction to psychology course. Click on the map or use the pulldown menu to find your locationspecific resources. The population is the unit of natural selection and evolution. The message stimulates the muscle to contract, removing the hand from danger. Students who are ib testing will be excused from the daily activity. State one function for each of the parts of the brain in e. How large population is and how fast it is growing are often used as measures of its health.
Cover the latest syllabus using course books developed in cooperation with the ib, plus comprehensive study guides. Draw the structure of the spinal cord and its spinal nerves to show the components of the reflex arc. The first is a reflex called the pupil reflex which is to ensure an appropriate amount of light enters the eye in both bright and dim light. Reflex arcs comprise the neurons that mediate reflexes. Draw the gross structure of the brain including the medulla oblongata, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary gland and cerebral hemispheres. I hope that the textbook of biology properly reflects the objectives of the curriculum.
Ibhl biology option e hl sections flashcards quizlet. Syllabus cambridge o level biology syllabus code 5090 for. Checklist comments explain the functions of the hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, limited to the low ph. It appears black because light rays entering the pupil are either absorbed by the tissues inside the eye directly, or absorbed after diffuse reflections within the eye that mostly miss exiting the narrow pupil. However, the book lacks the detail required to be the primary textbook for students. This response, called the light reflex, is regulated by three structures. The reflex arc is made up of an afferent pathway from a receptor and an. In biology, an ecological population is a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area at a certain period of time. Examples of this are the knee jerk reflex and the withdrawal reflex. What are the drawbacks in using animals in place of humans in any branch of. Although pupillary response, where the pupil dilates or constricts due to light is not usually called a reflex, it is still usually considered a part of this topic.
Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you succeed. Biology is the scientific study of life, and it consists of many disciplines. Easy upload of your notes and easy searching of other peoples notes. Indeed the whole range of regulatory reflexes are themselves negative feedback control systems.
I pretty much binge watched each topic like a series on netflix grade 8 student, leto high, tampa, fl. The nos statements above every subtopic outline how one or more of the nos. It can be used to help you to plan your revision programme for the theory examinations andwill explain what the examiners are looking for in the answers you write. In medicine, the pupillary reflex or pupillary light reflex, is the reduction of pupil size in response to light. A stimulus such as pain is sensed by the receptors in the skin. It is a good outline for an introductory class for the instructor. A reflex is a rapid unconscious response to a stimulus. However, the pathway outlined in the diagram is appropriate not only for regulatory reflexes. Outline the pupil reflex and one other cranial reflex. The pupil reflex can be tested on comatose patients. Effector muscle fibers as in the hamstring muscle or glands responds by contracting or. This template can serve as a guideline for any lab report. Ib biologyoption e neurobiology and behavior wikibooks.
Ib assessment statements e1 stimulus and response define the terms stimulus, response and reflex in the context of animalbehavior. The nervous system test questions gcse biology single science. The international baccalaureate organization known as the ib offers four highquality. In a reflex action, the spinal cord along with the brain stem is responsible for the reflex movements. Khan academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, worldclass education for anyone, anywhere. Disorders altering pupillary constriction typically affect the midbrain or cranial. Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Remember that snab biology requires you to be able to answer any question from any of the previous topics too so be sure to see my other hubs and other resources to revise for those parts too. Some drugs eg barbiturates interfere with the pupils reflex 2. After the immunology quiz on friday, please do the following in your notes. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things. Withdrawal reflex of the hand from a painful stimulus. Biology syllabus uganda biology notes for o level with. Beneath the description of each experiment you will find links from which you can open or download the experiments in word format, and a link from which you can download the group of documents in a zip file.
Then the notes are condensed a second time, to make a set of notes allowing the pupil to go through the whole course in a matter of hours. Biology notes form 4 pdf biology form 4 questions and. Thus the spinal reflexes are processes that cause sensory stimuli to be reflected onto the musculature without the involvement of conscious deliberation. Notesale is a site for students to buy and sell study notes online. The stereotype means that the reflexes always occur in the same manner and no training is required. The pupil reflex and the patellar reflex are two examples. Outline one function for each of the following parts of the brain.
As such, this textbook provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of psychology and understand how those concepts apply to their lives. Theory 1 hour 45 minutes this paper has three sections. However, the pathway outlined in the diagram is appropriate not only for regulatory reflexes but also for two other. Full text of biology for beginners internet archive. Pupillary reflex refers to one of the reflexes associated with pupillary function types include. The stimulusresponse pathways for these reflexes are summarised in the table below. Explain how bones and exoskeletons provide anchorage for muscles and act as levers. Outline the role of inheritance and learning in the development of birdsong in young birds. The pupil is a cranial reflex ans reflex controlled by the brain stem. Prepare learners for the step up to dp with new course preparation resources. Syllabus content 11 coordination and response content 11 1 nervous system 11 2 receptors 11 3 reflex action 11 4 hormones learning outcomes candidates should be able to a state that the nervous system brain spinal cord and nerves serves to coordinate and regulate bodily functions b. Statistical analysiscellsthe chemistry of lifegenetics. There are 9 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. Examples are the pupil reflex and the patellar reflex.
In the original report of familial dysautonomia by riley and day in 1949, the disorder was called central autonomic dysfunction with defective lacrimation. Interneuron consists of one or more synapses in the cns most are in the spine d. Reflexes are rapid unconscious responses to external stimuli. A2 swallowing, breathing and heart rate as examples of activities coordinated by the medulla. You have arteries, veins and of course, the blood that courses through them. A ruler straight edge should be used for straight lines. Topic core material supplement material you should be able to. The pupillary light reflex constricts the pupil in response to light, and pupillary. Adjustment to closerange vision is known as the near response, while inhibition. Most candidates gained one mark for writing that the pupil constricts when a bright light is shone in the eyes, but didnt get much more. Kcse biology questions and answers form 1 biology form one notes kcse biology questions and answers biology questions and answers form 1. Kneejerk reflex stretch receptor to the sensory neuron to the motor neuron to the muscle. In the retina is a threeneuron circuit consisting of lightsensitive photoreceptors rods.
List of criteria used to write a lab report, such as hypothesis, data table, conclusions. Mar 20, 2020 this article was coauthored by michelle golden, phd. Where appropriate, quantitative experiments should be carried out. An understanding of controls is essential, together with the realization that when there are several variables they must be investigated one at a time. The portfolio complexity can range from a simple collection of teacher. Multiple choice 1 hour 40 compulsory multiple choice questions. Which part of the nervous system is not involved in producing reflex actions. Outline how pain is perceived and how endorphins can act as painkillers. We will do something biology related and you will get participation points for attending that day. In bright light, pupil size is reduced as too much light falling on. If this is lost then they are likely to be brain dead. Both of these are spinal reflexes and so are involuntary. Find notes notesale buy and sell study notes online.
As a member, youll also get unlimited access to over 79,000 lessons in math, english, science, history, and more. Biology notes form 1 pdf biology form 1 questions and. Jan 12, 2017 applications and skills statement guidance a. The only dp biology resource that includes support straight from the ib, it is available online for fully flexible learning features. Explain the effects of cocaine on mood and behaviour. For this objective, your goal is to be able to discuss and think of examples, rather than simply to be able to state a definition. This guide covers the whole syllabus for the ib biology. Other articles where pupillary light reflex is discussed.
Reasons not to use pupil reflex to indicate brain death 1. Organization of living systems begins with atoms, which make up basic building blocks called elements. Discuss the concept of brain death and the use of the pupil reflex in testing for this. Access online teaching, learning and assessment support via ib science kerboodle. Feb 10, 20 revision checklist for igcse biology 0610 a guide for studentshow to use this guidethe guide describes what you need to know about your igsce biology examination. It is a normal response and dependent on the function of the optic nerves and. An experimental approach particularly to physiological work is expected. Afferent pathway sensory neuron conducts impulses to the cns c. The word reflex derives from reflection meaning a mirror image of an event or stimulus. Represent by means of a labelled, accurate diagram or graph, using a pencil.
Circulatory system lessons, worksheets and activities. International alabama alaska arizona arkansas california colorado connecticut delaware florida georgia hawaii idaho illinois indiana iowa kansas kentucky louisiana maine maryland massachusetts michigan minnesota mississippi missouri montana. Suggest 2 types of light sensitive cells in the human retina ib level biology rods and cones. Teaching the circulatory system to your young students. Pupil reflex the reflex changes the size of the pupil to control the amount of light entering the eye. It involves the resizing of the iris to regulate the amount of light that reaches the retina excess light can damage the retina. Discuss the use of the pupil reflex in testing for brain death. Familial dysautonomia is the most extensively described of the disorders known as congenital sensory neuropathies. Doctors can use the pupil reflex to test for brain death in an unconscious patient in need of life support. Deforming the corpuscle creates a generator potential in the sensory neuron arising within it. Students can gain knowledge about biology and their interest in science will increase when they complete the experiments with the help of the teachers. The only structure in the eye involved in the pupil reflex is the iris. A portfolio is a collection of student work that can demonstrate learning and be used as an effective assessment tool. Studypug is a more interactive way of study math and offers students an easy access to stay on track in their math class.
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